CARDIOLOGY(A)

 1.What is the difference btw heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and with reduced ejection fraction?

ANS:


-The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat is called the ejection fraction (EF). A normal EF is usually around 55 to 70 percent, but it can be lessened in some forms of heart failure.


-People with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have an EF that is 40 to 50 percent or lower. This is also called systolic heart failure. People with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) do not have much of a change in their ejection fraction. This is often called diastolic heart failure.


 -HFrEF were often diagnosed earlier in life and right after a heart attack. 

 HFpEF were diagnosed later in life and first experienced symptoms of heart failure between the ages of 65 and 69. Many of those with HFpEF also shared that they have other health problems that led to their diagnosis. Many of them also live with additional health conditions, including acid reflux (GERD), high blood pressure, kidney disease, and sleep disorders.


-HFrEF shared that they feel depressed and/or anxious about their heart failure diagnosis. Risk factors for those in this group include genetics or a family history of heart failure.

HFpEF shared that they are still able to do the things they enjoyed before their heart failure diagnosis.risk factors, including:

Sedentary lifestyle

High blood pressure

Sleep apnea

Other heart conditions

-HFrEF are more likely to have had surgery, including surgery to implant a pacemaker or other heart rhythm control device.HFrEF shared that they currently use a combination therapy to treat their heart failure.

HFpEF have never had surgery to treat their heart failure or had a device implanted.


 -HFrEF are men who live in rural areas.

 However, most respondents with HFpEF are women who live in urban areas.


2.Why haven't we done pericardiocenetis in this pateint?        

ANS;

Pericardiocentesis is done when the pericardial effusion is not resolving on its own . Here the pericardial fluid which has accumulated was resolving on itw own , at the time of admission it was 2.4mm and when discharged it was 1.9 mm . Therefore we did not do pericardiocentesis in this pt.             

3.What are the risk factors for development of heart failure in the patient?

ANS:   IN THIS PATIENT:

NON MODIFICABLE:

age

gender

MODIFIABLE:

hypertension

smoking

type 2 diabetes .

kidney disease.


4.What could be the cause for hypotension in this patient?

ANS:

 

The pt. was anemic with Hb of 8gm/dl . One of the severe complication of anemia is tissue hypoxia which further lead to hypotension.

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