CARDIOLOGY(B)

 1.What are the possible causes for heart failure in this patient?

ANS:

obesity 

alcohol

diabetes

hypertension



2.what is the reason for anemia in this case?

ANS:  


Alcoholics frequently have defective red blood cells that are destroyed prematurely, possibly resulting in anemia. Alcohol also interferes with the production and function of white blood cells, especially those that defend the body against invading bacteria. Consequently, alcoholics frequently suffer from bacterial infections.


3.What is the reason for blebs and non healing ulcer in the legs of this patient?

ANS:


The pt. had recurrent blebs and ulcer on lower limbs (foot). This is due to Type to diabetes mellitus.


Diabetic foot ulcers generally arise as a result of poor circulation in the foot region. While high blood sugar levels and nerve damage or even wounds in the feet may result in foot ulcers in many cases. 


In cases of poor circulation of blood, the foot ulcers take quite a bit of time to heal as the blood efficiency in the foot region is at a low level. Furthermore, many develop a bit of reduced sensation on the feet as a result of nerve damage or more.


There are many risk factors that may lead to foot ulcers at the end.

Poor quality or fitting of the footwear.

Unhygienic appearance of foot.

Improper care of the nails of the toe.

Heavy intake of alcohols and tobacco.

Obesity and Weight-related

Complication arising from Diabetes like eye problems, kidney problems and more.

Although aging or old age can also be counted among them.


4. What sequence of stages of diabetes has been noted in this patient?

ANS:     alcohol------obesity------impaired glucose tolerance------diabetes mellitus------microvascular complications like triopathy and diabetic foot ulcer-------macrovascular complications like coronary artery disease , coronary vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease.

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